This study examined the development of floating offshore wind energy resources located off the coasts of northern California and southern Oregon ranging from 7.2 GW to 25.8 GW of cumulative capacity. The study examined numerous transmission alternatives that could accommodate the stated range of OSW development and assessed the estimated costs and benefits associated with each alternative. The economic costs and benefits were determined and compared via power flow analysis and production cost modeling. Considerations for transmission technologies and configurations included: onshore and offshore transmission routes, high-voltage AC and high-voltage DC technologies, radial connections, long-distance undersea HVDC cables, offshore meshed networks with shared HVAC or shared HVDC buses, and phase-shifting transformers to serve small coastal communities with OSW power. A high level assessment of permitting and environmental challenges was also conducted.
One purpose for conducting this study was to ascertain, at a high level, a range of possible transmission solutions for GW-scale OSW development on the West Coast. This planning exercise allowed the project team to compare and contrast the potential costs and benefits across various alternatives. All transmission corridors studied were notional. Land-based routes assumed the expansion of existing corridors using overhead line technology. Undersea routes do not represent existing or proposed routes. Actual pathways may differ from what was modeled.
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